Obesity Abstracts

Introduction: Obesity is common (prevalence 30%) in older adults (≥65 years). Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective intervention resulting in sustained weight loss and cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. However, the outcomes of BS in older patients are unknown.Methods: A retrospective study utilising the bariatric database from a single UK NHS BS centre. We identified all older patients, aged ≥65 years old at surgery, who had BS be...

Background: Changes in body composition following energy restriction are highly variable between individuals, but whether adaptations in biological (resting metabolic rate; RMR) or behavioural (physical activity; PA) components of total energy expenditure (TEE) underlie this variability remains unclear. This study examined if changes in TEE and its components were associated with the rate of weight loss (WL) in women during energy restriction.Methods: 46...

Background: Contrary to the idea that compensatory increases in food reward occur after weight loss (WL), a systematic review has shown that liking (L) and implicit wanting (W) decrease after WL interventions. However, there is a large individual variability in WL-induced changes in food reward, with potential implications for weight regain. The aim of this multivariate analysis was to summarize the changes in L&W during WL at the individual level.Me...

Background: Clinical trials have shown promising evidence that low-carbohydrate diets can improve glycaemic control in people with diabetes but the interventions have been intensive and delivered in specialist settings or with specialist staff. Given that most people with diabetes are cared for in primary care, we examined the feasibility and initial effectiveness of a behavioural support programme for low-carbohydrate diets delivered by practice nurses for people with type 2 ...

Background: Pregnancy provides a window of opportunity to prevent childhood obesity through lifestyle interventions to reduce the risk of delivery of large-for-gestational-age infants, and childhood and adult obesity. Given the abundance of novel information that midwives are required to discuss with women during pregnancy, a brief intervention may be a pragmatic approach. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of brief intervent...

Background/Objective: In Wales, approximately one in eight 4–5 year olds are obese. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between childhood obesity and modifiable population level risk factors, after accounting for deprivation.Methods: A review of the literature identified population level risk factors including: a healthy childcare setting; the local food environment; accessible open space, community safety and crime....